The State of Concentration in Global Food and Agriculture Industries
More than a decade has passed since the world was awoken by the publication of the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) report. Now, a new book takes stock of what has been achieved since the release of that ground-breaking “Agriculture at a Crossroads” report. Continue reading The State of Concentration in Global Food and Agriculture Industries
Recent Changes in the U.S. Beer Industry
This graphic shows the current ownership relations among U.S. beer brands as of December 2019. Since the previous version of this graphic (October 2017), a number of changes have occurred… Continue reading Recent Changes in the U.S. Beer Industry
Global Seed Industry Changes Since 2013
Recent years have seen the “Big 6” agrochemical/seed firms combine into a Big 4. These four firms are now estimated to control over 60% of global proprietary seed sales. Continue reading Global Seed Industry Changes Since 2013
Craftwashing in the U.S. Beer Industry
Summary: Big brewers, which have experienced declining sales for their beer brands in the last decade, have been accused of “craftwashing” by some craft brewers and their aficionados—they define craftwashing as big brewers (>6 million barrels per year) taking advantage of the increasing sales of craft beer by emulating these products or by acquiring craft breweries, while also obscuring their ownership from consumers. To estimate … Continue reading Craftwashing in the U.S. Beer Industry
Power, Food and Agriculture
One of the most pressing concerns about the industrialization of agriculture and food is the consolidation and concentration of markets for agricultural inputs, agricultural commodities food processing and groceries. In essence a small minority of actors globally exercise great control over food system decisions. This means that because of increased consolidation of these markets globally – from the United States to China to Brazil, from South Africa to the United Kingdom – the vast majority of farmers, consumers and communities are left out of key decisions about how we farm and what we eat. Continue reading Power, Food and Agriculture
Consolidation in Global Meat Processing
The three largest meat processors globally have dramatically increased in size in recent years. Government subsidies have played a critical role in increasing their power. Continue reading Consolidation in Global Meat Processing
Decoding Diversity in the Food System: Wheat and Bread in North America
Diversity is important for the resilience of food systems, as well as for its own sake. Just how diverse are the systems that produce our food? I explore this question with a focus on wheat and bread and North America, and even more specifically in baking, milling and farming. Although the opacity of food and agricultural systems makes definitive answers difficult, these segments appear to be increasingly uniform with respect to ownership, geography, varieties and genes. There are also important countertrends, and while efforts to resist uniformity are currently small, they are making some progress in maintaining or even increasing diversity in some areas. Continue reading Decoding Diversity in the Food System: Wheat and Bread in North America
The illusion of diversity: visualizing ownership in the soft drink industry
Three firms control 89% of US soft drink sales. This dominance is obscured from us by the appearance of numerous choices on retailer shelves. Steve Hannaford refers to this as “pseudovariety,” or the illusion of diversity, concealing a lack of real choice. To visualize the extent of pseudovariety in this industry we developed a cluster diagram to represent the number of soft drink brands and varieties found in the refrigerator cases of 94 Michigan retailers, along with their ownership and/or licensing connections. Continue reading The illusion of diversity: visualizing ownership in the soft drink industry
Seed Industry Structure
Consolidation has increased in the international seed industry in recent decades. This chart depicts changes in ownership involving major seed companies and their subsidiaries, primarily occurring from 1996 to 2013.1 The largest firms are represented as circles, with size proportional to global commercial seed market share.2 For an article providing more detail on these graphics see: Howard, Philip H. 2009. Visualizing Consolidation in the Global … Continue reading Seed Industry Structure
Concentration in the U.S. Beer Industry
There is an appearance of great diversity in the number of brands and varieties of beer sold in the United States. The beer industry, however, is dominated by a relatively small number of firms. Continue reading Concentration in the U.S. Beer Industry
Philip H. Howard 